QR codes are everywhere – restaurants, stores, and even on product packaging. But they’re not perfect. Common problems like poor design, bad placement, and security risks can frustrate users and hurt your business. Here’s how to fix them:

• Bad Scanning Experience: Use high-contrast designs, proper sizing (e.g., 1"x1" for every 10 inches of distance), and avoid reflective surfaces.
• Physical Damage: Protect codes with UV-resistant materials, coatings, and durable printing.
• Confusing User Instructions: Add clear steps like "Open camera, scan, and follow the link."
• Security Risks: Use dynamic QR codes, display URLs, and monitor for tampering.
• Broken Links: Regularly test static codes and renew subscriptions for dynamic ones.

Quick Fixes Table:

Problem	Solution
Poor Scanning	High contrast, proper size, no glare
Physical Damage	Protective coatings, durable materials
Confusing Usage	Clear instructions, visible call-to-action
Security Concerns	URL previews, tamper-proof designs
Broken Codes	Test links, update expired codes

UX Project Challenge 12: Accessibility, QR Codes and Retail CX

Fix Common QR Code Scanning Problems

QR code scanning issues can disrupt payment transactions, potentially leading to lost sales. Ensuring proper implementation and conducting regular tests can make transactions more reliable. One of the first steps to address these issues is to focus on the physical condition of the QR code itself.

Fix Physical QR Code Damage

Physical damage is a common threat to QR codes, especially in high-traffic areas where they are frequently used for payments. While QR codes are designed to recover up to 30% of damage through error correction, prevention is always the better approach.

Here are some ways to protect QR codes:

• Use UV-resistant materials for outdoor displays to prevent fading.
• Apply protective coatings to guard against moisture and scratches.
• Print on durable, high-quality materials to withstand wear and tear.
• Choose appropriate error correction levels based on the environment where the code will be used.

"I’ve seen people creating QR Codes with a black or dark background and a white or lighter foreground. It may look great in some design scenarios, but they can’t be scanned with all QR Code scanner apps. A lot of apps for scanning your QR Code expect the code to have a darker contrast to the background, so if you scan a codes with a white foreground it will not work for everyone." – William Taylor, Career Development Manager at VelvetJobs ^[5]

Correct QR Code Size and Location

The size and placement of a QR code can significantly impact its scan rate. Branded QR codes, for example, have been shown to increase scans by 80% ^[6].

Distance from Code (inches)	Minimum Size Required (inches)
10	1 x 1
20	2 x 2
30	3 x 3
40	4 x 4

Key guidelines for size and placement:

• Ensure the code is at least 0.8 x 0.8 inches, scaling up using a 10:1 distance-to-size ratio for optimal scanning ^[1].
• Add a quarter-inch white border around the code to improve readability ^[7].
• Place QR codes at eye level for easy access.
• Avoid placing codes on reflective surfaces or in poorly lit areas.

A great example of effective QR code placement comes from Heinz’s sustainability campaign. QR codes were placed on product bottles at ideal sizes and locations, making it easy for customers to scan. This effort resulted in high engagement, with customers scanning the codes to make environmental pledges while Heinz committed to planting trees ^[7].

Fix QR Code Design Problems

Improving QR code payment systems isn’t just about durability; the design plays a huge role in how effectively they work. Poorly designed QR codes can frustrate users and lead to lower scan rates.

Improve QR Code Contrast

The contrast between a QR code and its background is a major factor in how easily it can be scanned. Research suggests that a minimum contrast ratio of 55% between the code and its background is necessary for reliable scanning ^[12].

Key tips for better contrast:

• Use dark QR codes on light backgrounds or light codes on dark backgrounds.
• Ensure the background color around the entire code is consistent.
• Avoid gradients or blended colors that can obscure the code’s modules.
• Keep the quiet zone (margin) around the code in the same background color.

"The contrast between the QR Code and its background should be sufficient to ensure easy scanning. High contrast, such as black QR Codes on a white background, is typically recommended for best results." – Ektha S, Senior Content Marketer, Uniqode ^[11]

While contrast is critical, simplifying the design can further improve usability.

Simplify QR Code Designs

A QR code should strike a balance between looking good and working well. Overly complicated designs – no matter how visually appealing – can reduce scanning success.

Design Element	Best Practice	Common Mistake
Logo Placement	Place in the center only	Using multiple logos
Color Usage	Stick to two contrasting colors	Using gradients or too many colors
Pattern Design	Use clear, simple modules	Intricate patterns that interfere
Background	Solid, light color	Busy patterns or textured backgrounds

A great example of this was Burger King’s campaign during the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards. They used QR codes with clean, simple designs that incorporated brand elements without sacrificing scannability. The result? Increased app downloads and successful offer redemptions ^[8].

Design tips for better functionality:

• Keep the code structure clear with uniform module shapes.
• Use a single logo, centered and appropriately sized to avoid interference.
• Choose the right error correction level based on the complexity of the design.
• Test your QR codes regularly to ensure they work as intended.

Even small design mistakes can make a QR code harder to scan. Regular testing and thoughtful design adjustments can make all the difference.

Add Clear User Instructions

Even the most perfectly designed QR codes can fall short if users don’t know how to use them.

Add Step-by-Step Scanning Guide

Providing clear, step-by-step instructions helps users navigate the scanning process with ease. This not only speeds up transactions but also reduces confusion and the need for support.

Key elements to include in your instructions:

• Open your camera app or a QR code scanner.
• Position your device so the QR code is centered in view.
• Explain what will happen after scanning (e.g., redirect to a secure payment page).
• Mention any confirmation indicators, like a receipt or success message.

Keep these instructions concise and prominently displayed. For instance, Planet Fitness does this effectively by pairing their equipment QR codes with clear tutorials for users ^[13].

"Information telling users what will happen if they scan the code should be as clear and visually prominent as the code itself." – Tanner Kohler, NN/g ^[1]

Here’s how to make your instructions stand out:

Instruction Component	Good Practice	Poor Practice
Call to Action	"Scan to pay – Takes you to secure checkout"	"Scan here"
Visual Guidance	Simple diagram showing phone placement	Text-only instructions
Next Steps	"You’ll see a payment confirmation screen"	No indication of what happens next
Help Options	"Need assistance? Ask our staff"	No support information provided

Pairing clear instructions with strong visual cues ensures users feel confident about scanning.

Make QR Codes Easy to Reach

Where you place your QR codes can make or break the user experience. Proper positioning ensures they’re easy to access and scan in different environments.

Best practices for placement:

• Place codes between waist and chest height for standing users.
• Ensure the code is in a clear, unobstructed area.
• Provide enough room for users to comfortably scan without interference.

Walmart’s self-checkout stations are a great example of smart placement. They display payment QR codes on both the screen and keypad – exactly where customers naturally focus during checkout ^[1].

Other brands have also nailed this. America’s Test Kitchen places QR codes next to recipe steps in their kids’ cookbook, making digital tutorials easy to access ^[13]. Similarly, Estée Lauder strategically positions QR codes near product displays, pairing them with simple scanning instructions to encourage shoppers to engage with their makeup tutorials ^[13].

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Strengthen QR Code Security

While ensuring QR codes are physically durable and visually clear is important, securing them against misuse is equally critical for a smooth payment experience. QR code payments are widely used, with 89 million Americans scanning them in 2022 – a 26% jump from 2020. However, security remains a major concern, as 71% of users report difficulty distinguishing real QR codes from fake ones ^[16]. This highlights the urgent need for stronger protections.

Prevent QR Code Phishing

Phishing attacks using QR codes spiked by 51% in September 2023 ^[17]. These scams often redirect users to fake payment pages designed to steal personal and financial information.

To safeguard payment QR codes, consider implementing these measures:

Measure	Method	Benefit
Visual Authentication	Add company logo and branding	Helps users recognize genuine codes
URL Preview	Display destination URL below QR code	Allows verification before scanning
Physical Protection	Use tamper-evident materials	Reveals if codes have been altered
Regular Monitoring	Inspect codes for tampering	Ensures ongoing code integrity

"By their very nature, QR codes are not human-readable. Therefore, the ability to alter a QR code to point to an alternative resource without being detected is simple and highly effective."

• Alex Mosher, Global Vice President, MobileIron ^[15]

These steps bolster earlier improvements by ensuring QR codes remain secure and trustworthy.

Add Anti-Fraud Protection

Security becomes even more important when 34% of consumers express little concern about QR code safety ^[14]. To address this, advanced features can significantly reduce risks:

• Dynamic QR codes that support remote updates and monitoring
• Multi-factor authentication for high-value transactions
• Real-time scanning verification to detect anomalies instantly
• Digital signatures to confirm code authenticity

"The biggest threat by volume that uses QR codes are email messages or attachments with QR codes leading to password phishing sites."

• Randy Pargman, Senior Director of Threat Detection at Proofpoint ^[4]

For even greater protection, advanced security measures can be integrated. For example, Secured Payments employs real-time transaction monitoring, secure payment gateways, automated fraud detection, and encrypted data transmission. The FBI’s 2021 warning about QR code vulnerabilities ^[16] underscores the importance of these strategies. By adopting these measures, businesses can ensure safer transactions and maintain customer confidence.

Keep QR Codes Working

Keeping QR codes functional is key to ensuring smooth payment processing. When QR codes fail or become inactive, it can lead to frustration and a loss of trust from customers.

Replace Outdated QR Codes

Static QR codes can stop working if their linked websites are no longer active or if the URLs break ^[18]. To avoid this, it’s important to have a plan in place to replace outdated codes.

QR Code Type	Maintenance Needs	Suggested Actions
Static Codes	Verify links regularly	Check URLs monthly
Dynamic Codes	Manage subscriptions	Monitor expiration dates
Printed Materials	Inspect physical copies	Include a backup shortened URL

Dynamic QR codes rely on active subscriptions to function. If the subscription expires, the code will stop working ^[18]. To avoid disruptions:

• Set reminders for subscription renewals.
• Automate monitoring whenever possible.
• Keep payment details up to date.
• Maintain a record of where each QR code is used and its purpose.

According to Nielsen Norman Group, "Once a QR code is put out in the world (especially in physical print), it cannot be taken back." ^[1]

Here’s an example: A QR code printed on a 2019 event flyer was still active in 2023, but it directed users to an outdated page ^[1]. Regular updates and testing can prevent situations like this and keep QR codes functioning as intended.

Check QR Codes Regularly

Once updates are made, it’s essential to test QR codes routinely to confirm they work across different environments. A consistent testing schedule should include:

• Weekly Scanning Tests
  Test the codes on various devices, in different lighting conditions, and at multiple distances. This ensures they perform reliably in all situations ^[9][10].

• Monthly Link Verification
  Verify that the destination URLs are active and process payments as expected. For example, the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) organization uses Bitly to manage URLs, allowing quick updates when links need to be redirected ^[19].

• Physical Maintenance
  Protect printed QR codes with lamination or a durable coating to prevent wear and tear ^[18]. Replace damaged codes immediately.

For a more advanced approach, tools like Secured Payments offer analytics to monitor how often QR codes are scanned and whether transactions are successful. This kind of tracking helps spot problems early, minimizing disruptions for customers.

Nielsen Norman Group also recommends, "Old codes should redirect to a relevant page that explains that the window has passed but provides easy access to current information related to the original purpose of the code." ^[1]

Conclusion: Better QR Code Payment Systems

To create a dependable and efficient QR code payment system, businesses need to focus on improving user experience, ensuring security, and maintaining reliable operations. With QR code payments driving a shift in how transactions are handled – and the market growing at an annual rate of 16.9% through 2030 ^[2] – addressing these areas is crucial to fully unlock their potential while overcoming common hurdles.

Here’s a quick breakdown of the key focus areas:

Focus Area	Action Items	Expected Benefits
User Experience	Mobile-friendly pages, clear instructions	Faster transactions, fewer abandoned checkouts
Security	SSL certification, anti-fraud measures	Safer transactions, stronger customer trust
Maintenance	Regular testing, prompt updates	Reliable service, consistent performance

With 85% of customers abandoning overly complex checkout processes ^[21], streamlining interfaces and providing straightforward instructions should be a top priority.

Moreover, the U.S. Faster Payments Council’s March 2025 report ^[3] highlights critical challenges like system integration and device compatibility. To address these, businesses should:

• Offer browser-based payment solutions to avoid requiring app downloads ^[20].
• Ensure backup payment methods are available to tackle technical issues ^[20].
• Train staff to effectively manage payment-related problems ^[21].

These steps not only enhance the overall payment experience but also build trust and reliability, ensuring QR code systems remain a preferred choice for customers.

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